THE COMPLETE E8 × E8 LAGRANGIAN
FROM 496 SYMMETRIES TO OUR UNIVERSE — IN ONE ACTION
THE MASTER ACTION — 10D STRING FRAME
𝒮
= 1/2κ²₁₀ ∫d¹⁰x √(−g) e⁻²ᶠ [
ℛ
+ 4(∂Φ)² − ½|
H₃
|² − α′/4(tr|
F₁
|² + tr|
F₂
|²)]
+ [
ψ̄ₘ
Γᴹᴺᴾ𝒟ₙ
ψₚ
+
λ̄
Γᴹ𝒟ₘ
λ
+ α′/4
χ̄ᵃ
Γᴹ𝒟ₘ
χᵃ
] + (Yukawa + 4-fermi)
■
Gravity
■
B-field
■
Visible E₈
■
Hidden E₈
■
Fermions
7 fields · 3 lines · entire universe
§1 THE 7 FUNDAMENTAL FIELDS
4 bosons + 3 fermions = everything
g
MN
10D Metric
Graviton · 35 DOF
→ 4D graviton + moduli scalars
B
MN
Kalb-Ramond 2-Form
Antisymmetric tensor · 28 DOF
→ Axion (solves Strong CP)
Φ
Dilaton
String coupling · g_s = e^Φ · 1 DOF
→ Sets all coupling constants
A
M
a
E₈×E₈ Gauge Field
496 generators · 496×8 DOF
→ All gauge bosons (g, W, Z, γ)
ψ
M
Gravitino
M-W spinor-vector · 56 DOF
→ SUSY partner of graviton · LSP dark matter candidate
λ
Dilatino
M-W spinor · 8 DOF
→ SUSY partner of dilaton
χ
a
Gauginos
Adjoint of E₈×E₈ · 496×8 DOF
→ quarks, leptons! (upon compactification)
§2 BOSONIC SECTOR
§3 FERMIONIC SECTOR
EINSTEIN-HILBERT + DILATON
𝒮_grav = 1/2κ² ∫d¹⁰x √(−g) e⁻²ᶠ (
ℛ
+ 4∂ₘΦ∂ᴹΦ)
ℛ
= Ricci scalar (gravity) · Φ = dilaton · e⁻²ᶠ = string tree-level prefactor
KALB-RAMOND B-FIELD
𝒮_B = −1/4κ² ∫d¹⁰x √(−g) e⁻²ᶠ |
H₃
|²
H₃
= dB₂ − α′/4(
ω₃ʸᴹ
−
ω₃ᴸ
)
Modified field strength — mixes gauge + gravity → anomaly cancellation
E₈ × E₈ YANG-MILLS
𝒮_YM = −α′/8κ² ∫ √(−g) e⁻²ᶠ (tr
F⁽¹⁾
² + tr
F⁽²⁾
²)
F⁽¹⁾
= visible E₈ (→ SM forces) ·
F⁽²⁾
= hidden E₈ (→ shadow matter)
248 + 248 = 496 gauge bosons · sectors couple only through gravity
GRAVITINO + DILATINO + GAUGINO KINETICS
ψ̄ₘ
Γᴹᴺᴾ𝒟ₙ
ψₚ
gravitino
+
λ̄
Γᴹ𝒟ₘ
λ
dilatino
+ α′/4
χ̄ᵃ
Γᴹ𝒟ₘ
χᵃ
gaugino
KEY INTERACTION TERMS
½
ψ̄ₘ
Γᴹᴺᴾᑫᴿ
ψₙ
Hₚᑫᴿ
gravitino-torsion
α′/4
χ̄ᵃ
ΓᴹΓᴺᴾ
ψₘ
Fₙₚ
← Yukawa origin!
χ̄ΓψF → upon compactification → all quark/lepton masses
SUSY TRANSFORMATIONS · 𝒩 = 1 · 16 SUPERCHARGES
BOSONS → FERMIONS:
δg_MN =
ε̄
Γ_(M
ψ
_N) δΦ = ½
ε̄
λ
δA_M =
ε̄
Γ_M
χ
FERMIONS → BOSONS:
δψ = 𝒟ε − ⅛HΓε δλ = Γ∂Φε δχ = −½FΓε
§4 ANOMALY CANCELLATION — WHY E₈ × E₈
THE BIANCHI IDENTITY
UNIQUELY SELECTS E₈ × E₈
d
H₃
= α′/4 (tr
ℛ
∧
ℛ
− tr
F
∧
F
)
Only E₈×E₈ or SO(32) are anomaly-free in 10D
STANDARD EMBEDDING
A_gauge = ω_spin
⟹
E₈
→
E₆
× SU(3)
248 DECOMPOSITION
248
= (
78
,1) ⊕ (
27
,3) ⊕ (
2̄7
,3̄) ⊕ (1,
8
)
(78, 1)
E₆ gauge bosons → all forces
(27,3)+(2̄7,3̄)
3 gen quarks + leptons
(1, 8)
Extra-dim curvature
n_gen = ½|χ(CY)|
→ topology fixes 3 gen
§5 4D EFFECTIVE THEORY
KÄHLER POTENTIAL
𝒦
(Φ, Φ̄)
scalar kinetic terms + geometry
SUPERPOTENTIAL
𝒲
(Φ)
particle masses + Yukawa couplings
GAUGE KINETIC FUNCTION
f_ab
(Φ)
gauge couplings + θ-angles
THE SCALAR POTENTIAL — SOURCE OF ALL SYMMETRY BREAKING
V = e^(𝒦/M²) (
𝒦
^iī D_i
𝒲
D_ī
𝒲̄
− 3/M² |
𝒲
|²) + ½(Re
f
)⁻¹ DᵃDᵇ
F-terms → GUT breaking: E₆→SO(10)→SU(5)→SM · D-terms → gauge invariance · −3|𝒲|² → cosmological constant problem
§6 COMPACTIFICATION & ROSETTA STONE
ℳ¹⁰ =
ℳ⁴
×
𝒳⁶
ℳ⁴
= our spacetime ·
𝒳⁶
= Calabi-Yau (Ricci-flat, SU(3) holonomy)
TOPOLOGY → PHYSICS
|χ|/2 = 3 generations · h¹·¹ = moduli / inflatons · h²·¹ = Yukawa couplings · π₁ = Wilson lines → SM
ROSETTA STONE — LAGRANGIAN ↔ SYMMETRY BREAKING POSTER
LAGRANGIAN TERM
WHAT IT PRODUCES
↔ SYMMETRY BREAKING POSTER
tr F⁽¹⁾²
visible Yang-Mills
78 gauge bosons → all SM forces
E6 GUT
→
SO(10)→SM
→
STANDARD MODEL
(27,3)⊕(2̄7,3̄)
from 248
3 families of quarks + leptons
3 GENERATIONS
UNOBS. MATTER
V(𝒦,𝒲,f)
scalar potential
drives every symmetry breaking step
SINGLET (S)
VEV MECHANISM
→ every ↓ arrow
χ̄ΓψF
Yukawa coupling
all particle masses upon compactification
QUARK / LEPTON TABLE (poster bottom)
tr F⁽²⁾²
hidden Yang-Mills
mirror E₈ → dark sector forces
HIDDEN SECTOR
SHADOW MATTER
δε (SUSY)
supercharges
boson ↔ fermion pairing · LSP stability
SUSY
R-PARITY
HIGGS DOUBLETS
(1,8) + g_MN
curvature + metric
extra-dim geometry + 4D gravity
170 LEFTOVERS
66 EXOTIC FORCES
Visualized by Prof. Andy Haas, NYU Physics, 2026